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Guilandina major

(Medik.) Small (1903)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Guilandina

hawaiian pearls, hihikolo, kākalaioa [kakalaioa], yellow nickers

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Climbers up to 15 m long, rusty tomentose or glabrous, covered with recurved prickles on young branches and leaf rachises.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound. Alternate. Blades with 3–8 pairs of pinnae, leaflets 3–7 pairs per pinna; leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate–oblong to suborbicular 3–13 cm long, 1.5–6.5 cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate or rounded. Base cuneate to rounded. Petiolate. Stipules small, caducous, subulate, 1–3 mm long, often longitudinally split into 2–3 superimposed parts.

Flowers: Flowers in distinctly supra-axillary racemes with several serial buds between its base and the leaf axil. Flowers caesalpinaceous, unisexual (pistillate flowers seemingly bisexual (perfect), but with sterile anthers), 15–30 cm in diameter; bracts caducous, bracteoles absent. Calyx tube short, 5-lobed, hood-like. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellow, 12–15 mm long. Stamens 10, distinct, alternately longer and shorter. Ovary superior.

Fruit: Pods indehiscent; flattened; slightly swollen; elliptic to suborbicular; 5–13 cm long; 4–6 cm wide; armed with prickles 5–10 mm long. Seeds 1–3(4); grayish yellow (gray when unripe); subglobose; 15–25 mm in diameter; transversely arranged.

Ploidy:

Habitat: occurring in gulches; on talus slopes and at the edge of open; mesic; coastal forest.

Elevation Range: 6–460 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean

Pollinators

Notes

  • 6-460 m.
  • Description digitized from the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii
  • O'ahu 1864-1865
  • Probably naturalized or perhaps native to Hawai'i

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. S.E. U.S.: 591 (1903)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:648 (Ni, O, Mo, L, H [as Caesalpinia major]); Herbst & Wagner 1996:11 (WM); Gagnon et al. 2016:65 (Syn. C. major)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Pohakea Gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H60152 Maui PTBG 6/20/2001
2 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small foothills halfway between pun manawahua and kahe point PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & k. park 7238 Oahu US 9/27/1931
3 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Puna District, collected in the ahupua`a of Halepua`a. Growing near the experimental Tree Planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kubo, R. 31 Hawaii US 5/10/1979
4 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Puna District, collected in the ahupua`a of Halepua`a. Growing near the experimental Tree Planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN R. Kubo 31 Hawaii US 5/10/1979
5 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Foothills halfway between pun manawahua and kahe point PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Park, K. K. 7238 Oahu US 9/27/1931
6 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small 2nd eastern gulch, wawaia Hot arid talus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7240 Molokai US 6/27/2028
7 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small 2nd eastern gulch, wawaia Hot arid talus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 7240 Molokai US 6/27/1928
8 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann & w. t. brigham 109 Maui US
9 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small First large side valley on south of Makua Valley, T. Hawaii Scrambling over rocks in arid region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O.; Park, K. K. 7241 Oahu US 9/7/1931
10 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wolcott, H. L. s.n. Maui US 3/13/1905
11 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. wolcott s.n. Maui US 1899-08-07
12 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small on the ridge w of the hanapepe river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN a. a. heller 2541 Kauai US 8/22/1985
13 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small puna district, collected in the ahupua`a of halepua`a. growing near the experimental tree planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN r. kubo 31 Hawaii US 5/10/1979
14 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Waianae Mts., Firebreak Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G. A. 513 Oahu US 6/3/1960
15 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small On the ridge w of the hanapepe river PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Heller, A. A. 2541 Kauai US 8/22/1985
16 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small waianae mts., firebreak trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN g. pearsall 513 Oahu US 6/3/1960
17 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Waimea Arboretum, Haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Orr, D. s.n. Oahu BISH 6/27/1994
18 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small kaluanui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 140 Lanai BISH 4/16/1924
19 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small aukuu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 083 Oahu BISH 5/10/1913
20 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Kalaupapa; Kauhako crater, SW zone trail through ohe makai-halapepe forest; rim, open PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wysong, M.L. 532 Molokai BISH 12/8/2004
21 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Located in NE corner of the vacant lot, roughly 25 acres, near Waiohai. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Liloa Dunn 297 Kauai PTBG 10/2/2003
22 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small in front of manoa cave, manoa valley, oahu, t. hawaii Dry region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN topping, d.l. collector number: 7236 Oahu BISH 6/23/1928
23 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small first large side valley on south of makua valley, t. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener & k. park 7241 Kauai US 9/7/1931
24 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small niihau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. Niihau BISH 11/2/1939
25 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN mann, h. brigham, w.t. collector number: 109 BISH
26 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Makua Valley, first large side valley south scrambling over rocks in arid regions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7241 Oahu BISH 9/7/1931
27 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Kaluanui PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 140 Lanai BISH 4/16/1924
28 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small kalaupapa; kauhako crater, sw zone along stream PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wysong, m.l. collector number: 532 Oahu BISH 12/8/2004
29 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small second eastern gulch, wawaia Hot arid talus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7240 Molokai BISH 6/27/1928
30 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small one of the dry valleys between kamalo and kaunakakai, molokai, t. hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7237 Molokai BISH 7/29/1928
31 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small waiakaiole valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hammond, s. collector number: 8124 Maui BISH 7/28/1910
32 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Second eastern gulch, Wawaia Hot arid talus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7240 Molokai BISH 6/27/1928
33 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small W Maui, Wailuku District, Pohakea Gulch Growing in gully and covering other vegetation. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Dicranopteris linearis, Pleomele auwahiensis, Myrsine lessertiana, M. lanaiensis, Coprosma foliosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Charpentiera obovata, Pouteria sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis var. oahuensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Psidium cattleianum, Physalis peruviana, Lantana camara, Conyza bonariensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H60152 Maui BISH 6/20/2001
34 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Kaiholena Gulch Metrosideros-Dicranopteris forest with Myrsine kanaiensis, Streblus, Charpentiera, Planchnella, Cyrtandra PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. 4961 Lanai BISH 8/24/1986
35 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Waianae Mts., Firebreak Trail climbing over shrubs and small trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Pearsall, G.A. 513 Oahu BISH 6/3/1960
36 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small first large side valley on s of makua valley scrambling over rocks in arid regions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k. collector number: 7241 Oahu BISH 8/8/1931
37 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Castle Trail to Pauoa Flats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 2389.O Oahu BISH 8/1/1916
38 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small w maui, wailuku district, pohakea gulch Growing in gully and covering other vegetation. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Dicranopteris linearis, Pleomele auwahiensis, Myrsine lessertiana, M. lanaiensis, Coprosma foliosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Charpentiera obovata, Pouteria sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis var. oahuensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Psidium cattleianum, Physalis peruviana, Lantana camara, Conyza bonariensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h60152 Maui BISH 6/20/2001
39 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small beach beyond say's PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: 077 Lanai BISH 9/6/1913
40 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small wet forest, bark of trees PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oahu BISH
41 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Beach beyond Say's PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 77 Lanai BISH 9/6/1913
42 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Large branch of Lualualei Valley southwest of Pohakea Pass, Oahu, T. Hawaii Dry region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7234 Oahu BISH 8/14/1932
43 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 311.L Lanai BISH 9/1/1917
44 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small waimea arboretum, haleiwa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN orr, d. Oahu BISH 6/27/1994
45 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Between Kamalo and Kaunakakai Dry valley. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7237 Molokai BISH 7/29/1928
46 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small W Maui, Honokowai, Haenanui Gulch Vine climbing into trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3645 Maui BISH 2/26/1994
47 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Pupukea-Kahuku Trail on Kahuku side on slope with trees and Dicranopteris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7239 Oahu BISH 12/6/1931
48 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. Growing near the Experimental Tree Planting Area Near experimental tree planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kubo, R. Collector Number: 31 Hawaii BISH 5/10/1979
49 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small pupukea-kahuku trail on kahuku side on slope with trees and Dicranopteris PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k.; kwon, m. collector number: 7239 Oahu BISH 12/6/1931
50 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small first large side valley on s of makua valley Summer dry hillside. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k. collector number: 7241 Oahu BISH 8/8/1931
51 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Mts. near Koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 147.L Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
52 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District. Growing near the Experimental Tree Planting Area Near experimental tree planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kubo, R. 31 Hawaii BISH 5/10/1979
53 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small mts. near koele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 147.l Lanai BISH 6/1/1913
54 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Awalua above Pohaku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. s.n. Lanai BISH 10/5/1913
55 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small West Maui, Kapunakea Preserve, forest reserve fenceline. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hughes, G.D. 511 Maui BISH 2/20/1993
56 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small near mauna kapu and palikea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7235 Oahu BISH 1/15/1927
57 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small ahupuaa of halepuaa in the puna district. growing near the experimental tree planting area Near experimental tree planting area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN kubo, r. collector number: 31 Hawaii BISH 5/10/1979
58 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small papouwelu, waianae range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. Oahu BISH 7/27/1910
59 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small makua valley, first large side valley south PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k. collector number: 7241 Oahu BISH 9/7/1931
60 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small lanai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 311.l Lanai BISH 9/1/1917
61 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small makua valley, first large side valley south scrambling over rocks in arid regions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k. collector number: 7241 Oahu BISH 9/7/1931
62 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Niihau PreservedSpecimen Munro, G.C. Collector Number: s.n. Niihau BISH Specimen 11/2/1939
63 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small unknown PreservedSpecimen Mann, H. Brigham, W.T. Collector Number: 109 BISH Specimen
64 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Halulu Lake, Near Open woods on shore PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 22724 Niihau BISH Specimen 8/12/1947
65 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Halulu Lake, Near Open woods on shore PreservedSpecimen St. John, H. Collector Number: 22724 Niihau BISH Specimen 8/12/1947
66 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small w maui, honokowai, haenanui gulch Vine climbing into trees. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. et al. collector number: 3645 Maui BISH 2/26/1994
67 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN collector number: 4961 BISH
68 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small First large side valley on S of Makua Valley scrambling over rocks in arid regions PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7241 Oahu BISH 4/14/1905
69 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Papouwelu, Waianae Range PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. s.n. Oahu BISH 7/27/1910
70 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small One of the dry valleys between Kamalo and Kaunakakai, Molokai, T. Hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7237 Molokai BISH 7/29/1928
71 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small awalua above pohaku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN munro, g.c. collector number: s.n. Lanai BISH 10/5/1913
72 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small waianae mts., firebreak trail On windswept talus among Lipochaeta, Eragrostis, Ipomoea, etc. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN pearsall, g.a. collector number: 513 Oahu BISH 6/3/1960
73 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small South Kona District, Kapua, along road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Frederick, L. 73 (L.F.) Hawaii BISH 12/31/1946
74 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Aukuu PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Munro, G.C. 83 Lanai BISH 5/10/1913
75 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small halfway between Puu Manawahua and Kahe Point arid foothills PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7238 Oahu BISH 9/27/1931
76 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small south kona district, kapua, along road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN frederick, l. rogers, d.p. collector number: 73 (l.f.) Hawaii BISH 12/31/1946
77 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small halfway between puu manawahua and kahe point arid foothills PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. park, k.k. collector number: 7238 Oahu BISH 9/27/1931
78 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small W Maui, Wailuku District, Pohakea Gulch Growing in gully and covering other vegetation. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Dicranopteris linearis, Pleomele auwahiensis, Myrsine lessertiana, M. lanaiensis, Coprosma foliosa, Pisonia sandwicensis, Charpentiera obovata, Pouteria sandwicensis, Wikstroemia oahuensis var. oahuensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Claoxylon sandwicense, Psidium cattleianum, Physalis peruviana, Lantana camara, Conyza bonariensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H60152 Maui BISH 6/20/2001
79 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small large branch of lualualei valley southwest of pohakea pass, oahu, t. hawaii Dry region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. collector number: 7234 Oahu BISH 8/14/1932
80 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Halulu Lake, Near Open woods on shore PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 22724 Niihau BISH 8/12/1947
81 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small halulu lake, near open woods on shore PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22724 Niihau BISH 8/12/1947
82 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Kaiholena Gulch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Montgomery, S.L. s.n. Molokai BISH 8/24/1986
83 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small Waiakaiole Valley PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hammond, S. 8124 Lanai BISH 7/28/1910
84 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small unknown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Mann, H. 109 BISH 2/6/1905
85 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small near Mauna Kapu and Palikea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. 7235 Oahu BISH 1/15/1927
86 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small castle trail to pauoa flats PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. kelly, mrs. collector number: 2389.o Oahu BISH 8/1/1916
87 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small In front of Manoa Cave, Manoa Valley, Oahu, T. Hawaii Dry region PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Topping, D.L. 7236 Oahu BISH 6/23/1928
88 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small halulu lake, near steep bank of stream; with Sadleria unisora and Dryopteris minutissima [?] PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. collector number: 22724 Kauai BISH 8/12/1947
89 Guilandina major (Medik.) Small kaiholena gulch Diverse montane mesic precipitous slopes with small pockets of forest and vertical cliffs. Associated plants; Gouania, Schiedea sp., Peucedanum, Poa mannii, Hedyotis, Lysimachia glutinosa, Melicope pallida, Nototrichium sp. nov., Dubautia, Dryopteris unidentata, Metrosideros, Coprosma, Vaccinium, Lipochaeta, Wilkesia, Lobelia niihauensis, Lepidium, Nestegis, PRESERVED_SPECIMEN montgomery, s.l. Kauai BISH 8/24/1986
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